Jesus, Lamb of God?

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John the Baptist pointed out Jesus as the spotless Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world.  This title, so prominent in the Mass, illumines the meaning of Christ’s passion, recalling the first Passover remembered every year during Holy Week and the Triduum.

The Protestant Church is all about the Bible; the Catholic Church is all about the Sacraments.  Right?

Not exactly.  When it comes to personal Bible reading, Protestants often put Catholics to shame.  But as far as Sunday worship goes, it is hard to find a more biblical service than the Mass. The readings are awesome enough, but even the prayers of the Mass are full of Scripture.  Many lines spoken by priest and people are, in fact, direct quotes from the Bible.  Consider, for example, what the priest says just before communion: “Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world.”  That’s a direct quote from John 1:29 where John the Baptist says this as he points out Jesus to his disciples.

Messiah as Lamb of God

We are so used to calling Jesus the Lamb of God that we can miss the jolt that this must have given the first people who heard it.

Most Jews were expecting a Messiah who would be the Lion of Judah, a new David who would drive out the Romans through military heroism.  It hadn’t occurred to them that the Messiah would be a Lamb.

Lambs are not exactly known for their prowess in battle. They don’t kill; they die.  They were, in fact, sacrificed daily in the Jewish temple as an act of worship to God.

Passover Lamb

But there was a special sacrifice that happened every year in which lambs were featured most predominantly.  It was the central celebration of the Jewish Year–Passover.  This was the yearly remembrance of the greatest act of salvation in the Old Testament, the deliverance of the Jews from Egyptian slavery.  The final plague that would bring Pharaoh to his knees and the Israelites to freedom was the angel of death “passing over” Egypt to take the lives of Egypt’s most precious resource–their first-born sons.

 

What was to prevent the Israelites from suffering the same fate?  The sacrifice of a perfect lamb, without spot or blemish.  This Lamb was a substitute for the first-born of the Israelite family that offered the sacrifice.  And a costly offering this was, since the wealth of a family was counted in terms of its animals.

Blood of the Lamb

The blood of the Lamb was to be smeared on the doorpost of the house and the family was to eat the flesh of this sacrificial animal in a special ritual meal.

We all know the end of that story.  Pharaoh let the Israelites go, and the Israelites celebrated this event each year, with hundreds of thousands of Jews coming to Jerusalem to sacrifice their lambs and to eat the Passover supper in the Holy City.

It was no accident that Jesus was arrested and put to death during Passover.  In the Gospel of John, Jesus breathes his last at the very same moment that the Passover lambs were being sacrificed in the Temple.  The same Gospel is the only one to point out that Jesus legs weren’t broken to make sure he was dead, as was customary in crucifixions.  Rather, the Romans employed an alternate verification method – a lance thrust to the heart (John 19:32).  Why does John take pains to emphasize this?  Because Scripture stipulates that no bone of the Passover Lamb could be broken (Exodus 12:46).

Perfect Sacrifice

All the words and events of the Old Covenant had great value, meaning and dignity in and of themselves.  But they also pointed forward to a greater covenant, to a person who was the Word made flesh, to a Lamb who saved Israel from a deeper slavery than Pharaoh’s, to an event that would be the culminating moment in human history.

The Word came as a spotless Lamb to offer the perfect sacrifice of love that would outweigh all human evil and therefore take away all sins.  The Shepherd offered his blood for our sins and gave his body as our new Passover meal.  His aim?  To give his sheep the strength to become lambs who offer their lives for the life of the world (Romans 12:2), just as he did.

This article on John the Baptist pointing out Jesus as the Lamb of God is offered as a reflection on the scripture reading for the second (2^nd) Sunday in Ordinary Time, cycle A (Isaiah 49, Psalm 40, 1 Corinthians 1:1-3; John 1, 29-34). 

For more on Palm Sunday and Holy Week, see the Holy Week section of the Crossroads Initiative Library.